+- +-

+-User

Welcome, Guest.
Please login or register.
 
 
 

Login with your social network

Forgot your password?

+-Stats

Members
Total Members: 139
Latest: Lex Luthor
New This Month: 0
New This Week: 0
New Today: 0
Stats
Total Posts: 77
Total Topics: 43
Most Online Today: 64
Most Online Ever: 1888
(December 24, 2023, 12:48:40 am)
Users Online
Members: 0
Guests: 1
Total: 1

Recent Posts

Pages: 1 [2] 3 4 ... 8
11
Chemistry / Poison of the Day
« Last post by zwclose7 on December 30, 2018, 12:29:38 pm »
#1

Name: Batrachotoxin
Type: Steroidal alkaloid
Source: Poison frogs
Mechanism of action: Activation of voltage-gated sodium channels
LD50: 2 μg/kg (mice, intraperitoneal)
12
Chemistry / Re: The properties of GP nerve agent
« Last post by xchg on October 19, 2018, 07:40:57 pm »
This is some excellent information.

Great work.
13
Chemistry / The properties of GP nerve agent
« Last post by Basquyatti on October 15, 2018, 10:58:03 pm »
GP, or 2,2-Dimethylcyclopentyl methylphosphonofluoridate, is a chiral, military grade toxicity organophosphorus compound, is a compound formulated in C8H16FO2P. GP forms a colorless and unscented liquid in pure form, in the impure form it is a colored liquid predominating several shades of amber by its degree of purity, with probable fruity smell coming from its closed chain alkoxy. GP has a boiling point of 222.49 degrees Celsius, being vacuum distilled, GP having more than double the vapor pressure of Ciclosarin, presented a vapor pressure of 0.094213 mmHg at 25 degrees Celsius, GP has an evaporation rate, evaporating 30 times slower than sarin, evaporating approximately 8 to 10 times slower than water.

GP is a persistent G-series persistent, similar to that of Ciclosarin, GP is extremely toxic, having high liposolubility by several means of exposure, especially percutaneously, GP is a nervous agent more toxic than Sarin and GH. GP is slightly soluble in water, persisting in it for days, it is speculated that it has a persistence higher than Ciclosarin and Soman in water due to its lower solubility, at high temperatures GP has a higher dissociation rate than GF. GP has high solubility in common organic solvents, as well as a good solubility rate in fats, oils, fatty acids, soap, lipids, triglycerides and the like. It has a persistence similar to that of Soman and Ciclosarin in environments, because it has a closed carbon chain and its persistence is considerably greater in any environment, but due to its greater evaporation than Ciclosarin, GP is thought to have lower persistence due to decomposition by air, GP as well as other G-series agent, is a non-persistent neurotoxic agent, exhibiting a low persistence in general, in normal environments, in normal environments and normal conditions, G-series agents are degraded within one week.

GP is disseminated by common means of dissemination, it is disseminated through common means, mines, chemical munitions, explosives, sprays, airplanes, sprayers, by missiles and rockets, pyrotechnic grenades, extinguishers, thermal grenades, propellants, cylinders, aerosols, nebulizers, humidifiers , polymer solutions (Lucite), piping tunnels, closed sites, closed complexes, atomizers and others, as well as other organophosphorous agents, GP is destroyed by bleach powder (alkaline components), satisfactory decontamination kits for G agents -series.
14
Chemistry / A new route of synthesis for G-series agents
« Last post by Basquyatti on October 15, 2018, 06:12:57 am »
This process indicates and provides two direct steps for the manufacture of military-grade organophosphorus, such as G-series agents and the most unstable tammelin esters, following the equation, one mole of phosphoric acid is mixed in dichloromethane and reacted with a two mole of thionyl chloride with excess of a corresponding alkyl halide (isopropyl chloride, pinacolyl chloride, cyclohexyl chloride, such as other halides, iodide, bromide, fluoride has no efficacy and etc.) at the end of the emission of Hydrogen Chloride the Alkyl dichlorophosphate dissolved is directly reacted with 1 mol of Sodium Fluoride and a metal corresponding with methyl radical, at the end of the reaction the corresponding product obtained is directly distilled in vacuo and redistilled for the removal of the solvent.
15
Chemistry / Synthesis of Methylisobutylcarbinylsarin (GH) by APC process
« Last post by Basquyatti on October 14, 2018, 07:55:33 am »
GH is obtained similarly to Sarin using 3 steps, the first step is used for the manufacture of methylphosphonyl dichloride against Kinnear perren, an equimolar mixture between phosphorus trichloride, aluminum trichloride and chloromethane react to form a complex called APC, this is extracted and purified by conventional means, the second step consists of dissolving the APC in Dichloromethane and hydrolyzing it in hydrochloric acid in a molar ratio of 1 to 7, at the end of the reaction the lower phase is extracted and the DC separated from that solution, the DC is purified by common means, the third step is to react DC with sodium fluoride and 4-methylpentanol in molar ratio of 1: 1: 1, common means are used to dissolve the mixture and to promote At the end of the reaction the GH is extracted by common means.

https://fas.org/irp/threat/cbw/1951_CancellationofGHasadevelopmentprocurementtypeandrelatedaction.pdf

https://fas.org/irp/threat/cbw/1949_agentsoftheg-series.pdf

https://fas.org/irp/threat/cbw/1953_Significantaccomplishments_chemical%20corps.pdf
16
Chemistry / Synthesis conventional of Sarin
« Last post by Basquyatti on October 02, 2018, 07:57:32 am »
Sarin is obtained in three steps, the first step is to produce methylphosphoryl dichloride (DC), DC is obtained by Kinnear-Perren reaction, which consists of using a mixture of one mole of phosphorus trichloride to be mixed with one mole of Aluminum trichloride at room temperature, then this mixture is placed in a freezer-filled vessel to react with an atmosphere of one mole of Chloromethane to give a mole of insoluble complex of ionic character with a melting point ranging from 275 degrees Celsius to 280 degrees Celsius, this complex is then filtered, weighed and dried to be dissolved in Dichloromethane and hydrolyzed in 36% hydrochloric acid, Hydrogen chloride serves to prevent the decomposition of DC, the reaction forms two phases in which are constituted by a higher acid water phase and a lower phase consisting of aluminum trichloride hexahydrated crystals, and a solution of DC and dichloromethane, the mixture is then separated by a separatory funnel, the insolubles filtered, the solvent distilled and the DC vacuum distilled to be purified, stored and prepared for the second step, the second step consists of dissolving a mole of DC in dichloromethane at room temperature and reacting with Hydrofluoric acid at low temperatures to form two phases, the upper phase is withdrawn and the lower one refluxed for the removal of the remaining hydrogen chloride, the material obtained is then brought to the third stage, where the DC obtained in the first step is added, adding Dichloromethane is used for the dissolution of more products and Isopropanol is added to the solution, the mixture is kept at room temperature (25 degrees Celsius) and then refluxed until all hydrogen chloride is emitted, the solvent is distilled and the Sarin distilled under vacuum. Note: Sarin and Dichloromethane may already be used for military stock or direct military operations, the mixture of Dichloromethane and Sarin tends to persist about 2X higher because the mixture is insoluble in water and not reactive in it.

Reaction GB (Di-Di, Hydrofluoric Acid)
 
Step 1. Preparation of methylphosphoryl Dichloride.

Using 138.72 grams of phosphorus trichloride 99%, place it in a pressure-suppressing apparatus and add 134.68 grams of anhydrous aluminum trichloride, stir the solution for 30 minutes at room temperature, after 30 minutes close the vessel, cool it to 0 degrees Celsius or below and introduce 51 grams of anhydrous Chloromethane, stir for 1 hour while introducing the agent and then let it react under pressure until there is no more in the vessel and the solution has completely crystallized, the end of the reaction is around 36 to 48 hours, filter the crystals and allow them to air dry or vacuum. Use 325 grams of crystals obtained from the first step to be placed in an open vessel, add 171.6 grams of Dichloromethane 99% into the vessel where the crystals are contained, begin stirring the mixture, stir the solution for 30 minutes and lower the temperature of the mixture to 0 degrees Celsius, after the time, add 305 ml of Hydrochloric Acid 36%, keeping the temperature at 0 degree Celsius and on vigorous agitation until it does not form more insoluble in the bottom of the container, see in times the formation of water and emission of Hydrogen Chloride, finished the formation of the upper phase with acidic water and there is no more the emission of Hydrogen Chloride, stop stir the mixture and bring the solution to a separatory funnel, stir the mixture a little to form the phase, leaving an exhaust outlet, forming the phases, remove the the lower phase where the DC is contained, then take the DC to filter and onwards, bring the mixture of DC and Dichloromethane to a Distillation Apparatus and distill Dichloromethane at 40 degrees Celsius and soon thereafter vacuum the DC of 75 degrees Celsius at 24 mmHg, the material obtained is a semi-solid mass at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Stock the DC for the second step.

Step 2. Preparation of methylphosphoryl Difluoride (DF or Difluoro).

Take the DC product obtained from the first step and remove 67.81 grams from it and place in a vessel that is not attacked by Hydrofluoric Acid, shortly thereafter add 171.6 milliliters of Dichloromethane 99%, shake the mixture for 10 minutes and then then add 41.6875 grams of 48% hydrofluoric acid, cool the solution temperature to 0 degrees Celsius and start shaking it until no more hydrogen chloride is emitted, the emission is finished, stop shaking the solution, bring the solution to a separatory funnel, let two phases form in the solution and remove the product contained in the lower part, take the part removed and place it in a reflux apparatus and let reflux for the withdrawal of hydrogen chloride at cold reflux (-10 degree Celsius ) of 70 degrees Celsius. Finished the remaining emission of Hydrogen Chloride stops the reflux and leaves the material stocked in Teflon containers next to Dichloromethane until its use in the last step.

Step 3. Preparation of Sarin.

Take the material obtained, mixed with Dichloromethane and mix with the other 67.81 grams of DC and add 85.8 grams of Dichloromethane 99% therein, start shaking for 10 minutes at room temperature, add 60.1 milliliters of Isopropanol 99 , 98%, start shaking again for almost half an hour at room temperature, transfer the vessel to a cold (-10 degree Celsius) reflux apparatus, start stirring the mixture again and heat the solution to 75 degrees Celsius, stop heating until all hydrogen gas is emitted, or after 60 minutes. After the time has passed and there is no further emission of hydrogen chloride from the solution and there is no longer the formation of insolubles, stop the reflux, leave the solution temperature in the environment, filter the insolubles, distill the solvent at 40 degrees Celsius and then distill Sarin vacuum at 60 degree Celsius at 15 mmHg.

17
Chemistry / Re: Reaction CX-7 (Experimental)
« Last post by zwclose7 on October 02, 2018, 12:46:47 am »
Are you a chemist?
18
Chemistry / Re: Reaction CX-7 (Experimental)
« Last post by Basquyatti on October 02, 2018, 12:12:33 am »
Yes, I am the Basquyati of the Portuguese Wikipedia
19
Chemistry / Re: The military preparation of FTH
« Last post by Basquyatti on October 01, 2018, 10:15:39 pm »
Yes I read, the process is taken from the Preparatory Manual for Chemical Warfare
20
Chemistry / Re: The military preparation of FTH
« Last post by zwclose7 on October 01, 2018, 12:08:10 pm »
Have you read A Laboratory History of Chemical Warfare Agents?
Pages: 1 [2] 3 4 ... 8

+-Recent Topics

Train Station 2 Mod APk by Lex Luthor
September 14, 2023, 08:05:17 pm

Poison of the Day by zwclose7
March 16, 2020, 06:45:08 pm

The properties of GP nerve agent by xchg
October 19, 2018, 07:40:57 pm

A new route of synthesis for G-series agents by Basquyatti
October 15, 2018, 06:12:57 am

Synthesis of Methylisobutylcarbinylsarin (GH) by APC process by Basquyatti
October 14, 2018, 07:55:33 am

Synthesis conventional of Sarin by Basquyatti
October 02, 2018, 07:57:32 am

Reaction CX-7 (Experimental) by zwclose7
October 02, 2018, 12:46:47 am

The military preparation of FTH by Basquyatti
October 01, 2018, 10:15:39 pm

My chemistry videos by zwclose7
April 15, 2018, 06:05:45 pm

new way to download anime (XDCC) by saikyouzero21
April 03, 2018, 09:54:29 pm